PADOVANI, MarcoMarcoPADOVANI0000-0003-2303-0096Gaches, BrandtBrandtGaches2024-02-212024-02-2120249780323917469http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/34801In regions shielded from ultraviolet radiation, energetic charged particles, called cosmic rays, are the dominant drivers of ionization, dissociation, and excitation. This chapter discusses the basics of cosmic-ray transport and acceleration, their impact on the thermochemistry of molecular gas, and methods to include cosmic-ray processes into astrochemical models.STAMPAenBook part10.1016/B978-0-32-391746-9.00016-Xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978032391746900016X?via%3DihubFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA